What is meant by the term "porosity" in welds?

The term "porosity" in welds refers specifically to the presence of tiny gas pockets or voids within the weld bead. These gas pockets can occur when gases are trapped in the molten metal during the welding process, leading to defects in the final weld. Porosity is significant because these voids can create weak points within the weld joint, compromising its overall strength and integrity.

Porosity typically arises from various factors, such as contamination of the base material, improper shielding gas coverage, or incorrect welding technique. If left unaddressed, porosity can lead to failures in welds under stress or during service, making it essential for welders to recognize and mitigate this issue during the welding process. Understanding porosity is crucial for achieving high-quality welds that can withstand the demands of their applications.